Medical Knitting: How Breast Cancer Survivors Handle Mastectomies One Knitted Knocker at a Time

AI generated image from DALL·E 2

February 18, 2023

Beryl Tsang was 37 when she was diagnosed with breast cancer.

Six months after her mastectomy she was invited to a party and found herself in the need of a breast prosthesis. But she found the available options “too heavy, squishy or ugly,” she wrote on the site Knitty.com.

“I thought okay, I needed a breast prosthetic I’ll just knit myself one so that is what I did. I just went into my knitting, and I found this confetti colored cashmere yarn, and I made myself a tit,” Beryl Tsang tells me.

After the party, she kept knitting tits and eventually she published the pattern online so other people could make them for themselves.

Since then, the concept and recipes of knitted knockers – as they are commonly called – have spread across the internet. Today, it is the most popular kind of project in the 'medical knitting' subcategory on the community knitting website Ravelry.

Ravelry allows knitters to register when they have completed a project using a particular recipe. An analysis of the medical knitting subcategory shows that knitted knockers make up more than 82 percent of all completed projects in that subcategory. At the time of writing, 4,744 finished knockers are registered at Ravelry.

Bubble chart showing the number of Ravelry projects completed in each category of medical knitting. Knitted knockers are by far the largest bubble and fills out most of the screen

Knitted Knockers is the most Popular Medical Knitting Recipe

Popularity of each category of recipes. The size of the bubble shows the number of completed Ravelry

projects using a recipe in each category.

4,744 completed projects

have used a knocker recipe

Other

158

Menstrual

products

196

Heating or

cooling bags

261

Knockers

4,744

Injury

252

Cannular or

IV protection

58

Source: Ravelry

Bubble chart showing the number of Ravelry projects completed in each category of medical knitting. Knitted knockers are by far the largest bubble and fills out most of the screen

Knitted Knockers is the most Popular

Medical Knitting Recipe

Popularity of each category of recipes. The size of

the bubble shows the number of completed Ravelry

projects using a recipe in each category.

Heating or

cooling bags

261

Menstrual

products

196

Injury

252

Other

158

Cannular or

IV protection

58

Knockers

4,744

Source: Ravelry

Bubble chart showing the number of Ravelry projects completed in each category of medical knitting. Knitted knockers are by far the largest bubble and fills out most of the screen

Knitted Knockers is the most Popular Medical

Knitting Recipe

Popularity of each category of recipes. The size of the bubble shows the

number of completed Ravelry projects using a recipe in each category.

Other

158

Menstrual

products

196

Heating or

cooling bags

261

Knockers

4,744

Injury

252

Cannular or

IV protection

58

Source: Ravelry

And why knitted knockers you may ask. For Beryl Tsang knitting herself a new breast allowed her back some agency and control over her body.

“When you have breast cancer, you can feel very dehumanized,” Beryl Tsang says.

“It is me and him [her surgeon], his whole medical class, who are now all looking at the cancer on my breast, right? And then all of a sudden that breast is gone. And then it was like ‘oh everybody let's go look at the scar’. It's like taking back ownership of your body.”

“So agency is important,” she says.

Knitted knockers have many positive qualities for women that have just undergone a mastectomy. For some, they are a temporary solution because they can be worn shorter after surgery. The softer nature of the knockers makes them less of an irritation to the scar.

And compared to conventional breast prostheses, knitted knockers offer a cheap alternative. An analysis of the recommended yarn of the knocker recipes at Ravelry shows, that it would cost between $4 and $18 plus production time to knit a knocker. Conventional breast prostheses would cost many times more, according to breastcancer.org.

Price ranges for knitted knockers, non-silicone and silicone breast prostheses as a linerange chart. Knitted knockers cost between 4 and 18 dollars while non-silicone breast prostheses cost 50 to 100 dollars and silicone breast prostheses cost 100 to 500 dollars

Knitted Knockers is a cheaper alternative to conventional breast Prostheses

Price span of knitted knockers, non−silicone prostheses and silicone prosteses.

Yarn for a knitted knocker

costs between $4 and $18

Knocker

Non−silicone

Silicone

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

Source: Ravelry and breastcancer.org

Price ranges for knitted knockers, non-silicone and silicone breast prostheses as a linerange chart. Knitted knockers cost between 4 and 18 dollars while non-silicone breast prostheses cost 50 to 100 dollars and silicone breast prostheses cost 100 to 500 dollars

Knockers is a cheaper alternative to

conventional breast Prostheses

Price span of knitted knockers, non−silicone

prostheses and silicone prosteses.

Knocker

Non−silicone

Silicone

$0$100$200$300$400$500

Data: Ravelry and breastcancer.org

Price ranges for knitted knockers, non-silicone and silicone breast prostheses as a linerange chart. Knitted knockers cost between 4 and 18 dollars while non-silicone breast prostheses cost 50 to 100 dollars and silicone breast prostheses cost 100 to 500 dollars

Knitted Knockers is a cheeper alternative to

conventional breast Prostheses

Price span of knitted knockers, non−silicone prostheses and silicone

prosteses.

Knocker

Non−silicone

Silicone

$0$100$200$300$400$500

Data: Ravelry and breastcancer.org

For Beryl Tsang, knitting has provided a sense of community and safety for her and her fellow breast cancer survivors.

“Knitting is also a way of bringing the community together. When I was going to breast cancer groups, that was how we made friends with my people in my breast cancer group,” she says.

“I would sit there, and I would knit myself a tit and then I go get them a tit. And when they had breast reconstruction done, they still have a tit that they'd like to squeeze when they got anxious,” Beryl Tsang adds.

Since she published the original tit bits recipe, the community around the knitted knockers has grown globally.

The site knittedknockers.org facilitates connecting volunteer knitters and breast cancer survivors to “offer free Knitted Knockers to any woman who wants them”. According to their website, there are 5,182 knitted knockers groups worldwide and by January 2023, more than 522,000 knitted knockers had been provided.

The popularity and demand for Knitted Knockers is not surprising. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in America. In 2019, 264,121 women were diagnosed with breast cancer.

Bar chart showing the frequency of the 10 most common cancer types among women. Breast cancer is by far the most common, 2.7 times as common as number two: lung cancer

For American Women, Breast Cancer is the most common type of cancer

Age-adjusted cancer rates per 100,000 American women in 2021.

Female Breast Cancer

129.7

Lung Cancer

48.1

Colon and Rectum Cancer

31.8

Uterine Cancer

27.7

Thyroid Cancer

19.1

Breast Cancer is 2.7 times as

common as lung cancer

Melanoma Skin Cancer

18.2

Non−Hodgkin Lymphoma

15.0

Kidney Cancer

11.8

Pancreas Cancer

11.6

Leukemias

10.3

Source: CDC Cancer Statistics

Bar chart showing the frequency of the 10 most common cancer types among women. Breast cancer is by far the most common, 2.7 times as common as number two: lung cancer

For American Women, Breast Cancer is

the most common type of cancer

Age-adjusted cancer rates per 100,000

American women in 2021.

Female Breast

Cancer

129.7

Lung Cancer

48.1

Colon and

Rectum Cancer

31.8

Breast Cancer is 2.7

times as common

as lung cancer

Uterine Cancer

27.7

19.1

Thyroid Cancer

Melanoma

Skin Cancer

18.2

Non−Hodgkin

Lymphoma

15.0

Kidney Cancer

11.8

Pancreas

Cancer

11.6

10.3

Leukemias

Source: Ravelry

Bar chart showing the frequency of the 10 most common cancer types among women. Breast cancer is by far the most common, 2.7 times as common as number two: lung cancer

For American Women, Breast Cancer is the most

common type of cancer

Age-adjusted cancer rates per 100,000 American women in 2021.

Female Breast

Cancer

129.7

Lung Cancer

48.1

Colon and Rectum

Cancer

31.8

Uterine Cancer

27.7

Breast Cancer is 2.7

times as common

as lung cancer

Thyroid Cancer

19.1

Melanoma Skin

Cancer

18.2

Non−Hodgkin

Lymphoma

15.0

Kidney Cancer

11.8

Pancreas Cancer

11.6

Leukemias

10.3

Source: CDC Cancer Statistics

Globally, breast cancer is also the most commonly occurring cancer in women and the most common cancer overall. In 2020, more than 2.2 million new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed, according to the World Cancer Research Fund.

Breast cancer contributed to 25.8 percent of the total number of new cancer cases among women diagnosed that year.

It is thus unlikely, that the need for knitted knockers and other artificial breasts will disappear any time soon. On the contrary, women will continue to invent new and innovative ways to overcome and handle illness.

Part of the data used in this article was obtained by scraping Ravelry.com. You can find the code and all the data used on Github.

The top image was generated by DALL·E 2 using the prompt “high quality knitted background in pink and orange and purple”.